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Scrotal ultrasound

Definition

Scrotal ultrasound is an imaging test that looks at the scrotum. It is the flesh-covered sac that hangs between the legs at the base of the penis and contains the testicles.

The testicles are the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. They are located in the scrotum, along with other small organs, blood vessels, and a small tube called the vas deferens.

Alternative Names

Testicular ultrasound; Testicular sonogram

How the Test is Performed

You lie on your back with your legs spread. The health care provider drapes a cloth across your thighs under the scrotum or applies wide strips of adhesive tape to the area. The scrotal sac will be slightly raised with the testicles lying side by side.

A clear gel is applied to the scrotal sac to help transmit the sound waves. A handheld probe (the ultrasound transducer) is then moved over the scrotum by the technologist. The ultrasound machine sends out high-frequency sound waves. These waves reflect off areas in the scrotum to create a picture.

How to Prepare for the Test

No special preparation is needed for this test.

How the Test will Feel

There is little discomfort. The conducting gel may feel slightly cold and wet.

Why the Test is Performed

A testicle ultrasound is done to:

  • Help determine why one or both testicles have become larger
  • Look at a mass or lump in one or both of the testicles
  • Find the reason for pain in the testicles
  • Show how blood flows through the testicles

Normal Results

The testicles and other areas in the scrotum appear normal.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Possible causes of abnormal results include:

  • Collection of very small veins, called a varicocele
  • Infection or abscess
  • Noncancerous (benign) cyst
  • Twisting of the testicle that blocks blood flow, called testicular torsion
  • Testicular tumor

Risks

There are no known risks. You will not be exposed to radiation with this test.

Considerations

In certain cases, Doppler ultrasound may help identify blood flow inside the scrotum. This method can be helpful in cases of testicular torsion, because blood flow to the twisted testicle may be reduced.

References

Gilbert BR, Fulgham PF. Urinary tract imaging: basic principles of urologic ultrasonography. In: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 3.

Shaida N, Berman L. Male genitourinary tract. In: Adam A, Dixon AK, Gillard JH, Schaefer-Prokop CM, eds. Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology: A Textbook of Medical Imaging. 6th ed. New York, NY: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2015:chap 40.

Sommers D, Winter T. The scrotum. In: Rumack CM, Levine D, eds. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 22.

Review Date: 04/01/2018

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright ©2019 A.D.A.M., Inc., as modified by University of California San Francisco. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.

Information developed by A.D.A.M., Inc. regarding tests and test results may not directly correspond with information provided by UCSF Health. Please discuss with your doctor any questions or concerns you may have.

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