5-HIAA urine test

Definition

5-HIAA is a urine test that measures the amount of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). 5-HIAA is a breakdown product of a hormone called serotonin.

This test tells how much 5-HIAA the body is producing. It is also a way to measure how much serotonin is in the body.

Alternative Names

HIAA; 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid; Serotonin metabolite

How the Test is Performed

A 24-hour urine sample is needed. You'll need to collect your urine over 24 hours in a container provided by the laboratory. Your health care provider will tell you how to do this. Follow instructions exactly.

How to Prepare for the Test

Your provider will instruct you, if necessary, to stop taking medicines that may interfere with the test.

Medicines that can increase 5-HIAA measurements include acetaminophen (Tylenol), acetanilide, phenacetin, glyceryl guaiacolate (found in many cough syrups), methocarbamol, and reserpine.

Medicines that can decrease 5-HIAA measurements include heparin, isoniazid, levodopa, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, methenamine, methyldopa, phenothiazines, and tricyclic antidepressants.

You will be told not to eat certain foods for 3 days before the test. Foods that can interfere with 5-HIAA measurements include plums, pineapples, bananas, eggplant, tomatoes, avocados, and walnuts.

How the Test will Feel

The test involves only normal urination, and there is no discomfort.

Why the Test is Performed

This test measures the level of 5-HIAA in the urine. It is often done to detect certain tumors in the digestive tract (carcinoid tumors) and to track a person's condition.

The urine test may also be used to diagnose a disorder called systemic mastocytosis and some tumors of the hormone.

Normal Results

The normal range is 2 to 9 mg/24h (10.4 to 46.8 µmol/24h).

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results may be due to:

• Tumors of the endocrine system or carcinoid tumors
• Increased immune cells called mast cells in several organs (systemic mastocytosis)

Risks

There are no risks with this test.

References

Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. H. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:660-661.

Hande KR. Neuroendocrine tumors and the carcinoid syndrome. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 232.